Epidermal Electronics
- Dae-Hyeong Kim1,*,
- Nanshu Lu1,*,
- Rui Ma2,*,
- Yun-Soung Kim1,
- Rak-Hwan Kim1,
- Shuodao Wang3,
- Jian Wu3,
- Sang Min Won1,
- Hu Tao4,
- Ahmad Islam1,
- Ki Jun Yu1,
- Tae-il Kim1,
- Raeed Chowdhury2,
- Ming Ying1,
- Lizhi Xu1,
- Ming Li3,6,
- Hyun-Joong Chung1,
- Hohyun Keum1,
- Martin McCormick2,
- Ping Liu5,
- Yong-Wei Zhang5,
- Fiorenzo G. Omenetto4,
- Yonggang Huang3,
- Todd Coleman2,
- John A. Rogers1,†
Vol. 333 no. 6044 pp. 838-843
DOI: 10.1126/science.1206157
ABSTRACT
An electronic tattoo sticking on to skin
We report classes of electronic systems that achieve thicknesses, effective elastic moduli, bending stiffnesses, and areal mass densities matched to the epidermis. Unlike traditional wafer-based technologies, laminating such devices onto the skin leads to conformal contact and adequate adhesion based on van der Waals interactions alone, in a manner that is mechanically invisible to the user. We describe systems incorporating electrophysiological, temperature, and strain sensors, as well as transistors, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, radio frequency inductors, capacitors, oscillators, and rectifying diodes. Solar cells and wireless coils provide options for power supply. We used this type of technology to measure electrical activity produced by the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles and show that the resulting data contain sufficient information for an unusual type of computer game controller.
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